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Substance P has several inflammatory effects on the airways mediated via neurokinin 1 receptors (NK₁Rs) and, if released from sensory nerves, may amplify the chronic inflammation seen in asthma. Northern blot analysis of NK₁R mRNA in lung showed a 52 ± 10% (S.E.M.; P<0·01) increase in mRNA in the asthmatic lung compared with non-asthmatic control tissue. NK₁R mRNA was reduced by 84·5 ± 1·9% after incubation with dexamethasone (1 µM) for 3 h (P<0·01). In contrast, NK₂R mRNA was unaltered in asthmatic lungs and dexamethasone treatment had no effect on the level of NK₂R mRNA. These results suggest that chronic inflammation in asthma may result in increased NK₁R gene expression and that this effect is reversed by glucocorticosteroids.

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